1. The phrase communication constitutes organizations comes out of the socio-
cultural tradition of communication theory. How might a cybernetic scholar
describe the essence of organizations? A critical scholar?
2. According to McPhee, the four flows constitute an organization. Using this
definition, is a family an organization? A religious congregation? A group of
close friends? Your communication theory course?
3. What memorable messages do you remember from your membership negotiation
at the school you now attend? Did you receive different messages from members
versus nonmembers?
4. Some research investigates the challenges of organizations that function at a
distance using communication technology. Which flow do you think is most
difficult to sustain when workers can’t meet face-to-face?
