What is a nutrient and why are they essential for human survival? What is the most important one?

Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Body: lecture questions

1. Organ systems are so _______________ that a disease in one system may result in a symptom in another system.
2. The word _____________ comes from a Greek root that means “to cut apart”. Human anatomy is the scientific study of the body’s structures.
3. Anatomy has 2 areas of specialization: __________ and ______________.
4. __________ anatomy refers to as macroscopic anatomy.
5. _________________ anatomy refers to Study of structures using microscope.
6. _________________ is the state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things.
7. Human physiology is the scientific study of the _____________and ______________ of the structures of the body and the ways in which they work together to support the functions of life
8. Two general approaches to the study of the body’s structures: _____________ and _____________.
9. Study of the structures that make up a discrete body system is called: _____________.
10. Study of the interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body region (such as the abdomen) is called:
11. The organization of the body often is discussed in terms of six distinct levels of increasing _____________, from the smallest chemical building blocks to a unique human organism
12. The smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism is called __________.
13. A group of many similar cells (though sometimes composed of a few related types) that work together to perform a specific function, is called
14. An anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types is called
15. A group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body is called
16. Label the letter A in the image below: __________

Least complex

Most complex

• Which of the following is NOT an organ system?

1. Nervous system
2. Integumentary system
3. Digestive system
4. sense system
5. endocrine system
6. which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?
7. Intelligence
8. Reproduction
9. DNA
10. Reaction to the stimulus
11. All are characteristics of life
12. _____________ is the process, whereby smaller, simpler molecules are combined into larger, more complex substances using energy.
13. _____________ is the process by which larger more complex substances are broken down into smaller simpler molecules.
14. __________________ requires continuous monitoring body’s internal conditions.
15. Brain and some other parts of the body monitor and react to deviations from homeostasis using
16. Negative feedback has 3 basic components:
17. __________
18. __________

• __________

24. ______________ intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition rather than reversing it.
25. Label the boxes in the image below:
26. __________
27. __________

1.      2.

2.      1.

26. ______________ is that of the body standing upright, with the feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward. The upper limbs are held out to each side, and the palms of the hands face forward.
27. A body that is lying down is described in 2 ways:
28. _____________
29. _____________
30. _____________ means the front or direction toward the front of the body. The toes are anterior to the foot.
31. ____________________ means the back or direction toward the back of the body. The popliteus is posterior to the patella.
32. _______________ is a position farther from the surface of the body.
33. _______________ is the side or direction toward the side of the body.
34. _______________ is a position closer to the surface of the body.
35. _______________ position is a position above or higher than another part of the body proper.
36. _______________ position is a position below or lower than another part of the body proper.
37. _______________ is the middle or direction toward the middle of the body.
38. _______________ is a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.
39. A ______________ is an imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body.
40. A ______________ is a two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut.
41. There are 3 planes commonly referred to in anatomy and medicine:
42. _____________
43. _____________

• _____________

40. Label the image below:
41. Label the image below:

41. Frontal plane divides the body or an organ into an _____________ (front) portion and a ______________ (rear) portion.
42. ______________ plane divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions.
43. The ____________________ cavity is the largest cavity in the body.
44. A _____________ membrane is one of the thin membranes that cover the walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
45. The ______________ is the serous membrane that surrounds the lungs in the pleural cavity
46. The ______________ is the serous membrane that surrounds the heart in the pericardial cavity
47. The ______________ is the serous membrane that surrounds several organs in the abdominopelvic cavity.
48. _____________ is a form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases.
49. _____________ is a technique that uses the transmission of high-frequency sound waves into the body to generate an echo signal that is converted by a computer into a real-time image of anatomy and physiology.
50. A modern imaging technique that takes cross-section x-rays and generates a 3D image is a ____________.
51. An MRI uses ______________ and _____________ to obtain precise imaging of the patient, specifically tumors.
52. PET scan stands for _____________________________ and uses _____________________ to illustrate physiologic activity in the body in real time.
53. Number the following in order from least complex to most complex: 1 – 8
    1. Cells _____
    2. Organs _____
    3. Molecules _____
    4. Organism _____
    5. Atoms _____
    6. Tissues _____
    7. Organelles _____
    8. Organ system _____

CRITICAL THINKING:

1. What are the 11 systems of the human body?
2. How many quadrants does the abdomen have? What are they?
3. What is a nutrient and why are they essential for human survival? What is the most important one?
4. What cavity will you find the duodenum in?