Blood test results reveal that Sandra’s blood glucose level (BGL) is 12.9 mmol/L [3.9-6.1
mmol/L]; HbA1c: 9% [normal <6.5%].
Sandra’s GP referred her to an Endocrinologist. Her conditions, blood test results and medications
were reviewed by the specialist. Sandra was advised to stop metformin and prescribed Tab
Sitagliptin (Januvia) 50 mg daily in addition to glipizide 5 mg (Minidiab) half a tablet daily. The
Endocrinologist also added Tab Carbimazole 5 mg daily for managing her recently developed signs
and symptoms, and the related Endocrinological condition.
2.1. Identify 4 risk factors potentially causing Sandra’s high BGL and HbA1c. Discuss how each risk
factor affects BGLs and HbA1c.
2.2 Discuss the three medications Sandra is prescribed by the Endocrinologist. Include in your answer
the action, complications, relevant side effects and relevant nursing considerations linked to Sandra’s
situation.
2.3 Explain five complications that Sandra could experience if her blood glucose level (BGL) and
HbA1c remain high.
2.4 Identify and briefly discuss four preventive measures Sandra could use to reduce her risk of
developing complications related to T2DM.
