. Who are the stakeholders for this problem? What type of solution will they want?

What is impact to you?

THEORY BUILDING
1. What is the status of current theory regarding the problem (mature and accepted through to in its infancy and emergent)?2. What approach can you take to justify your theoretical outcome, deductive and certain (towards variance) or abductive most probable but not certain (middle ground) or inductive probable and general but not certain (towards process)?
For more information see Van de Ven, A. (2007) Engaged Scholarship, pp. 19.

PROBLEM SOLVING
1. Who are the stakeholders for this problem? What type of solution will they want? How can it be implemented (process) to influence causal factors (variance)?2. How will the knowledge you develop be communicated to meet their ‘want’? How can it be presented to different audiences in an accessible manner?
For more information see Van de Ven, A. (2007) Engaged Scholarship, pp. 24.

PROBLEM FORMULATION
1. To whom is your problem relevant? Who is experiencing the problem?2. Is the problem applicable beyond your own frame of reference? Do others identify ‘your’ problem in the same way? How can you make ‘your’ problem relevant to others?
For more information see Van de Ven, A. (2007) Engaged Scholarship, pp. 17.