Describe potential biases in these designs and how they might affect a study’s internal or external validity.

7.1 Identify examples of independent and dependent variables, and
describe several strategies for controlling for confounding variables
in experimental studies.
7.2 Recognize examples of pre experimental, experimental,
quasi-experimental, ex post facto, and factorial designs, as well as of
meta-analyses.
7.3 Describe potential biases in these designs and how they might affect a
study’s internal or external validity.