What general political trends were evident in the nations of western Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and to what degree were those trends also apparent in the nations of central and eastern Europe?

The European State, 1871–1914

What general political trends were evident in the nations of western Europe in the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and to what degree were those trends also apparent in the nations of central and eastern Europe?

How did the growth of nationalism affect international affairs during the same period?