Inferential Questions
1. How does critical thinking ability relate to student achievement? (An inferential question relating the independent and the dependent
variables)
2. How does critical thinking ability and prior grades influence student achievement? (An inferential question relating critical thinking
times grades [moderating variable] and student achievement)
3. How does critical thinking ability (or critical thinking ability times grades) relate to student achievement, mediating for the effects of the
educational attainment of the eighth-graders’ parents? (An inferential question relating the independent and the dependent variables,
controlling for the effects of the mediating variable)
