Reflect on how Barbara Carper views the following patterns of knowledge:
• Empirical knowledge (the science)
• Esthetic knowledge (the art)
• Ethical knowing (what constitutes good actions for that patient)
• Personal knowing (nurse‒patient relationship)
Determine how the use of Carper’s Ways of Knowing are applied in your place of practice. Cite a practice scenario in which you could or do apply the theory to patient care.
Reflection
Reflecting on self-experience, either by working in the health care field or as a patient, answer the following questions:
• What exposure have you had to nursing theory?
• What experience do you have applying theory in practice?
• What do you hope to get out of this class?
