what are the key conclusions that can be drawn regarding the question of whether different racial and ethnic groups are overrepresented among criminal offenders?

The Color of Justice and the article from McNulty and Bellair (2003), write an essay that elaborately answers these two questions. First,

what are the key conclusions that can be drawn regarding the question of whether different racial and ethnic groups are overrepresented among criminal offenders?

Second, according to criminological theory and research, what explains these racial and ethnic differences in offending?